Various dermatoglyphic parameters like finger print pattern, atd angle, absolute ridge count & ab, bc, cd, and ad ridge counts were observed in 150 cases of CONGENITAL CARDIAC DISEASE, comprising of 72 cases of Ventricular Septal Defects (VSD), 60 cases of Atrial Septal Defects (ASD), 9 cases of Coarctation of Aorta (COA) & 9 cases of Tetralogy of Fallot’s (TOF). Same dermatoglyphic parameters were also studied in 300 controls and statistical comparison of cases and controls was done. In our study it was observed that the CONGENITAL CARDIAC DISEASE cases exhibited preponderance of whorls (55.8%) with decrease in loop pattern (36.2%) as compared to those of controls and the difference was highly significant (P<0.001). The difference in the mean total finger ridge count (TFRC) of the controls and of the cases of CONGENITAL CARDIAC DISEASEs (CCD) was found to be highly significant (P<0.001), while the mean atd angle in the cases of CONGENITAL CARDIAC DISEASE (CCD) was widen up and was statistically significant too. The mean ab, the mean bc ridge, the mean cd ridge and the mean ad ridge counts were also higher in the various type of CCD as compared to that controls and on statistical comparison, the difference was found to be highly significant.

Background: Diagnosis of CONGENITAL heart DISEASE (CHD) in neonates with extra CARDIAC anomalies is effective in their clinical management and surgical outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of CHD in neonates with extra CARDIAC anomalies admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Materials and Methods: This retrospective, descriptive study included all neonates with extra CARDIAC anomalies admitted to the NICU of Ali Ibn Abitaleb Hospital in Rafsanjan, Iran, from March 2016 until the end of September 2018. Data were collected through a researcher-designed checklist including demographic and DISEASE information for neonates and their parents. The checklist was filled out according to the neonates' medical records. Moreover, CHD was diagnosed using echocardiography. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS version 18. Results: From the 58 neonates, 35 (60. 35%) were boys and 23 (39. 65%) were girls. The mean age of the neonates was 5. 27± 6. 9 days. The prevalence of CHD in neonates with extra CARDIAC anomalies was 37. 25% (n=19). The most prevalent CHD anomaly was PDA with a rate of 78. 9%. The highest prevalence of CHD was associated with musculoskeletal (50%, n=6 from 12), and genitourinary (43. 8%, n=7 from 16) abnormality, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the CHD and non-CHD neonates in terms of neonatal gender and parental characteristics. Conclusion: This study shows that 37. 25% of neonates with extra CARDIAC anomalies have CHD anomalies; thus, it is recommended to refer all neonates with extra CARDIAC anomalies for CARDIAC examination.

BACKGROUND: CONGENITAL hypothyroidism (CH) often seems to be associated with other CONGENITAL abnormalities, mostly CARDIAC in nature. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of CARDIAC malformations in patients with CH diagnosed during CH screening program in Isfahan. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, CARDIAC malformations were determined in CH patients were compared to controls using echocardiography. The association between CARDIAC malformations and mean T4 and TSH concentrations, etiology of CH according to radiologic findings and permanent and transient CH were studied in CH patients. RESULTS: Overall, 96 and 59 subjects were included in the case and control groups, respectively. CARDIAC malformations were present in 30.2% (n = 29) and 15.2% (n = 9) of case and control groups, respectively; i.e. a higher prevalence in CH patients than in controls (P = 0.03). The prevalence of CARDIAC malformations without patent foramen oval was 6.25% (n = 6) in CH patients and 1.7% (n = 1) in control group (P = 0.1). There was no significant association between the presence of CARDIAC malformations and the aforementioned variables. CONCLUSIONS: High prevalence of CARDIAC malformations in CH patients strongly suggests the potential involvement of genetic factors in the pathogenesis of CH. This emphasizes on the necessity of genetic studies involving CH patients.  

Background: The rate of CONGENITAL heart DISEASE is 0.8% in all live births. The majority of this, however, is acyanotic CONGENITAL heart DISEASE. The survival rate of children with CARDIAC DISEASE has increased with the developments provided in recent years and their lifetime is extended.Objectives: This study aims to evaluate neurodevelopment of children with uncomplicated acyanotic CONGENITAL heart DISEASE in preschool period and determine the factors affecting their neurodevelopmental process.Patients and Methods: 132 children with acyanotic CONGENITAL heart DISEASE aged 6 - 72 months were involved in the study. Mental development and intelligence levels of patients under 2 years old were assessed by using Bayley Development Scale-III, and Stanford Binet Intelligence test was employed for patients over 2 years old. Denver Developmental Screening Test II was applied to all patients for their personal-social, fine motor, gross motor and language development.Results: The average age of patients (67 girls, 65 boys) included in the study was 35.2 ± 19.6 months. It was determined that there were subnormal mental level in 13 (10%) patients and at least one specific developmental disorder in 33 (25%) patients. Bayley Mental Development Scale score of patients who had received incubator care in perinatal period was found significantly low (88 ± 4.2) compared to those with no incubator care (93.17 ± 8.5) (P=0.028). Low educational level of father was established to be linked with low mental development scores at the age of 2 and following that age (P<0.05). Iron deficiency anemia was discovered to be related to low psychometric test scores at every age (P<0.05).Conclusions: Neurodevelopmental problems in children with acyanotic CONGENITAL heart DISEASE were found higher compared to those in society. Mental development and intelligence levels of patients were determined to be closely associated with receiving incubator care, father’s educational level and iron deficiency anemia.

Background: In this study, we aimed to survey the relationship between serum levels of CARDIAC enzymes and junctional ectopic tachycardia (JET) after corrective surgery of CONGENITAL heart DISEASE (CHD). Materials and Methods: In this cohort study, 140 children with CHD who were hospitalized in intensive care unit of Shahid Modarres hospital in Tehran, Iran, were divided into case group (the JET group including 37 patients), and control group including 103 patients. These two groups were compared based on the previous studies and collected data. Results: Based on the analysis of the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve, the Creatine Kinase Myocardial Band (CK-MB) level assessment can predict the occurrence of JET after the surgery (area under the curve is 0. 849, 95% confidence interval is 0. 786-0. 911), and the best cut-off point for it is 95. 5 to predict the occurrence of JET. So, CK-MB will diagnose the occurrence of JET with 97. 3% sensitivity and 67% specificity. In the same analysis, the troponin level assessment can predict the occurrence of JET after the surgery (area under the curve is 0. 877, 95% confidence interval is 0. 821-0. 933). Accordingly, the best cut-off point for the troponin is 45 to predict the occurrence of junctional ectopic tachycardia which will diagnose it with 97. 3% sensitivity, and 72. 8% specificity. Conclusion: There is a positive correlation between the occurrence of JET after corrective surgery of CHD and an increase in the level of CK-MB and troponin enzymes. So that the level of CK-MB above 95. 5 and the level of troponin above 45 might predict the occurrence of JET in these patients with high accuracy.

Introduction: CONGENITAL nephrotic syndrome is a severe debilitating problem associated with extra renal manifestation such as diverse CARDIAC findings.Methods: During four years 6 cases diagnosed as CONGENITAL nephritic syndrome in base of definitive criteria their documents reviewed and echocardiographic evaluation has been done for all with or without CARDIAC sign or symptoms, results gathered and expressed as incidence.Results: All cases have some grades of structural or functional defects from simple form like as tricuspid regurgitation to complex defects. It may be run in consecutively in siblings of a family from non consanguine parents.Conclusion: Pulmonary stenosis may occur in all parts subvalvualr, valvular and peripheral parts of pulmonary artery, left ventricular hypertrophy and mitral regurgitation observed in some, moderate tricuspid regurgitation observed in half of cases due to pulmonary hypertension or right ventricular hypertrophy due to pulmonary stenosis.

Objective: Cyanotic CONGENITAL heart DISEASEs (CCHDs) are a series of CARDIAC anomalies that have long been recognized as a potential cause of nephropathy. There have been few reports on renal impairment in patients with CCHD before and after corrective CARDIAC surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of renal dysfunction before and after CARDIAC surgery and the impact of some risk factors on final renal outcome.Methods: Thirty children with CCHD who had done corrective CARDIAC surgery in the previous 6 months were enrolled in this study. All data prior to surgery were collected from the charts. Post-operation data including blood and spot urine samples were taken simultaneously for CBC, Cr, and uric acid and 24 hour urine was collected for microalbumin and Cr during the follow up visits. Pre- and post-operation parameters were compared to study the impact of CARDIAC surgery on renal function.Findings: Pre- and post-operative GFRs were not significantly different. Final GFR was significantly and inversely associated with pre- and post-operation age (P=0.008 r=-0.48, P=0.03 r=-0.38). Three (10%) patients had microalbuminuria. The prevalence of microalbuminuria in children older than 10 years was 30%. There was no link between microalbuminuria and age, GFR, and hematocrit (P=0.1, P=0.3, P=0.3, respectively). Patients with preoperation hematocrit >45 had a significantly lower final GFR compared to children with HCT <45 (83.7±6.5 vs 111.10.2, P=0.001). The mean uric acid fraction (FEua) excretion was 8.21±4.75. Pre-operative HCT was inversely associated to FEua (P=0.01, r=-0.44). There was no relationship between FEua and age, serum uric acid, and GFR (P=0.7, P=0.4, P=0.2).Conclusion: Children with CCHD are at increased risk of renal injury which is related more to the duration of cyanosis and higher degree of hematocrit level. To lower the risk, corrective CARDIAC surgery is recommended to be done as soon as possible to improve renal function and stop more renal impairment.

Background: The duration of mechanical ventilation (MV) is one of the most important clinical factors which predict outcomes in pediatric CARDIAC surgery. The prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) following CARDIAC surgery is a multifactorial phenomenon and there are conflicts regarding its predictors in pediatric population between different centers. Objectives: The current study aimed to describePMVpredictors in patients undergoing CARDIAC surgery for CONGENITAL heart DISEASE in a tertiary center for pediatric cardiovascular DISEASEs in Iran. Patients and Methods: From May to December 2014, all pediatric patients (less than a month – 15 years old) admitted to pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) after CONGENITAL heart surgeries were consecutively included. The PMV was defined as mechanical ventilation duration more than 72 hours as medium PMV and more than seven days as extended PMV. The demographic data and variables probably related to PMV were recorded during the PICU stay. Results: A total of 300 patients, 56. 7% male, were enrolled in this study. Their mean age was 32 40 months. The median duration (IQR) of MV was 18 hours (8. 6-48 hours). The incidence of PMV more than 72 hours and seven days was 20% and 10. 7%, respectively. Younger age, lower weight, heart failure, higher doses of inotropes, pulmonary hypertension, respiratory infections and delayed sternal closure were independent predictors of PMV in multivariate analyses. Conclusions: The results of this study indicated that PMV predictors could be specific for each center and a good administration program is needed for each pediatric CARDIAC surgery center for the preoperative management of patients undergoing CONGENITAL heart surgeries.

Background: In spite of achievements in the field of pediatric cardiology and surgical techniques, which have increased the chance of children with CONGENITAL heart DISEASEs to reach adulthood, the inherent problems with the DISEASE create a large number of complications for them in later life, including CARDIAC dysfunction. It is important to know the prevalence of CARDIAC dysfunction and its influential factor among adults with CONGENITAL heart DISEASEs (CHDs); hence, the present study aimed to answer this question. Methods: We measured the prevalence of CARDIAC dysfunction based on echocardiographic guidelines among ACHDS referred to Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical, and Research Center between December 2017 and June 2018. Data analysis was performed using the χ 2 test and logistic regression through the SPSS software. Results: Left and right ventricular dysfunction was 60. 6% and 77. 7%, respectively. Moreover, 58. 7% of the patients were affected by both left and right ventricular dysfunction, while 20. 9% had only one of the left or right ventricular dysfunction. Eighty-eight (20. 4%) patients did not have dysfunction at the time of the study. The variables of moderately complex CONGENITAL heart DISEASE, cyanosis, moderate pulmonary hypertension, the Eisenmenger syndrome, and the type of intervention were the predictors of left ventricular dysfunction. Conclusions: The prevalence of CARDIAC dysfunction among our adult patients with CHDs was very high. Given that CARDIAC dysfunction starts at a young age in this group of patients in comparison with the general population, the quality of life of the former group is more seriously threatened. Our results identified factors that increased the likelihood of developing CARDIAC dysfunction. These factors should be considered when approaching patients with CARDIAC dysfunction.